投稿范围:煤(mei)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、盐化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、生物化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、医药(yao)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、石油化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、农用化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)环保(bao)、工(gong)(gong)业水处理、精(jing)细(xi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、日用化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、燃气(qi)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、橡胶与(yu)(yu)(yu)轮胎工(gong)(gong)业、化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)农药(yao)、有机(ji)与(yu)(yu)(yu)无(wu)机(ji)、涂(tu)料与(yu)(yu)(yu)油墨、染料与(yu)(yu)(yu)颜(yan)料、助剂与(yu)(yu)(yu)添加剂、树(shu)脂(zhi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)料、胶粘剂、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)教育、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)设计、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)机(ji)械与(yu)(yu)(yu)装备
中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)和化(hua)学工(gong)业(ye)联合(he)会(hui)(hui)(hui)落实工(gong)业(ye)和信(xin)息化(hua)部紧急(ji)通知,积极(ji)做(zuo)好这次新冠病毒疫(yi)情(qing)影响分析,联系并汇商了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)、中(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)、中(zhong)(zhong)海油(you)三大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)公司;中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氮肥协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)磷复肥协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)氯碱协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)纯碱协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)无机盐协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)橡(xiang)胶工(gong)业(ye)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)农(nong)药(yao)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)橡(xiang)胶工(gong)业(ye)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)涂料工(gong)业(ye)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)染料工(gong)业(ye)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)树(shu)脂协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、 中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)电石(shi)(shi)(shi)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、中(zhong)(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)硫酸工(gong)业(ye)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)等14 家专(zhuan)业(ye)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui);重点企(qi)业(ye)有(you)大(da)连恒力(li)、华峰(feng)集(ji)团、奥(ao)克集(ji)团等重点企(qi)业(ye);河南石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、江苏石(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui)等相关地方协(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)会(hui)(hui)(hui),广泛了(le)解生产运行情(qing)况和存(cun)在的困难(nan)。
从反(fan)馈情况看,大(da)型及超(chao)大(da)型企(qi)业(ye)总(zong)体(ti)运行(xing)平稳,这主要体(ti)现在(zai)石油和化工(gong)行(xing)业(ye),特别是(shi)上游大(da)型原(yuan)材料生产(chan)企(qi)业(ye),是(shi)连(lian)续化生产(chan),包括(kuo)春(chun)节、五一、十一等(deng)节假(jia)日在(zai)内均有生产(chan),因此行(xing)业(ye)大(da)部分企(qi)业(ye)都处于开(kai)工(gong)生产(chan)状态,运行(xing)总(zong)体(ti)保持良好(hao)。
通过联系,企业和行业也反映了在当前疫情发展中出现的一些新(xin)问题,值得政府部门高度关注。
一是原材(cai)料及产(chan)品(pin)运(yun)输(shu)的困(kun)难,造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)产(chan)品(pin)涨库。受疫情影(ying)(ying)响,目前各地港口(kou)、车站工人(ren)严(yan)(yan)重短(duan)缺(que),严(yan)(yan)重影(ying)(ying)响国内船运(yun)、火车物流(liu)运(yun)输(shu), 汽(qi)运(yun)也(ye)因各地检(jian)(jian)查检(jian)(jian)测受到影(ying)(ying)响。特别(bie)是乳(ru)胶(jiao)行(xing)业(ye)(ye)(ye)反应,下游为抗击新冠用的乳(ru)胶(jiao)原材(cai)料无法(fa)运(yun)输(shu),造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)下游手(shou)套企(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)原料短(duan)缺(que);部分烧碱企(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)为提升次氯酸钠和双氧水等消毒剂(ji)的产(chan)量,也(ye)出(chu)现产(chan)品(pin)不平衡,运(yun)输(shu)不出(chu)去的问题。氮肥、磷肥、农(nong)药等行(xing)业(ye)(ye)(ye)协(xie)会均反映,运(yun)输(shu)将成(cheng)(cheng)为保障农(nong)业(ye)(ye)(ye)随(sui)着春耕用肥、农(nong)药等农(nong)化物资需求(qiu)的瓶(ping)颈。
二(er)是部(bu)分企(qi)业(ye)(ye)资金(jin)紧张,容易出(chu)现断(duan)裂(lie)。地方(fang)炼油企(qi)业(ye)(ye)、下(xia)游部(bu)分行(xing)业(ye)(ye)如橡胶、氯碱(jian)、电石(shi)等行(xing)业(ye)(ye)企(qi)业(ye)(ye)受到销售(shou)下(xia)降影响(xiang),均出(chu)现资金(jin)回(hui)流困难,特别是地方(fang)炼油企(qi)业(ye)(ye)更是反(fan)映,资金(jin)是企(qi)业(ye)(ye)面临生死存(cun)亡(wang)的(de)关键。部(bu)分接(jie)近市场终端的(de)化工企(qi)业(ye)(ye),如涂料、染料、电石(shi)等行(xing)业(ye)(ye)也反(fan)映企(qi)业(ye)(ye)出(chu)现资金(jin)链缺(que)口(kou)的(de)现象,如果(guo)没(mei)有(you)较好的(de)解决方(fang)案,可能(neng)会有(you)不少(shao)企(qi)业(ye)(ye)倒闭(bi)。一些负债率较高(gao)的(de)企(qi)业(ye)(ye)也存(cun)在还债、付息影响(xiang)现金(jin)流的(de)问(wen)题。
三(san)是下游(you)消(xiao)费减(jian)(jian)弱,出(chu)口压(ya)力增(zeng)加。受(shou)(shou)这(zhei)次(ci)新冠影(ying)(ying)(ying)响,减(jian)(jian)少运输及(ji)出(chu)行(xing),三(san)大石油(you)(you)(you)公司及(ji)地(di)方炼油(you)(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)均反映(ying)成品(pin)(pin)油(you)(you)(you)销售减(jian)(jian)少,企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)库(ku)存提高并出(chu)现涨库(ku),为此企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)减(jian)(jian)少开工(gong)负荷。同(tong)时(shi)中海油(you)(you)(you)、农药协(xie)会(hui)、合成橡胶协(xie)会(hui)等(deng)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)和行(xing)业(ye)(ye)反映(ying)出(chu)口面临新的(de)困(kun)难,在世卫组织宣布解(jie)除警(jing)报、外(wai)(wai)界消(xiao)除对中国(guo)(guo)(guo)疫(yi)(yi)情恐慌之(zhi)前,这(zhei)种影(ying)(ying)(ying)响应会(hui)持续发酵。企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)目前普遍(bian)(bian)担心如果有其他替代国(guo)(guo)(guo)家,进口国(guo)(guo)(guo)不一(yi)定会(hui)接受(shou)(shou)来自中国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)产品(pin)(pin)。另外(wai)(wai),国(guo)(guo)(guo)内企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)普遍(bian)(bian)较(jiao)为担心国(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)不明(ming)所以,把中国(guo)(guo)(guo)被列入(ru)疫(yi)(yi)区混为一(yi)谈,取(qu)消(xiao)订单,这(zhei)样(yang)可能会(hui)对我国(guo)(guo)(guo)化工(gong)产品(pin)(pin)出(chu)口产生较(jiao)大影(ying)(ying)(ying)响。同(tong)时(shi)受(shou)(shou)疫(yi)(yi)情影(ying)(ying)(ying)响,外(wai)(wai)轮到中国(guo)(guo)(guo)港口装货意愿明(ming)显下降(jiang),出(chu)口一(yi)定程度受(shou)(shou)阻(zu)。
四是部分下游企业(ye)(ye)用(yong)工(gong)及(ji)防疫(yi)用(yong)品出现短缺。很(hen)多企业(ye)(ye)和(he)行业(ye)(ye)组(zu)织(zhi)均反映(ying),受春(chun)节返(fan)乡影响(xiang),加上为减少病毒传播的停(ting)止及(ji)减少人员流动,造(zao)成企业(ye)(ye)用(yong)在的用(yong)工(gong)困难及(ji)成本上升,同时保障职工(gong)的防护(hu)用(yong)品也无法满足(zu),对企业(ye)(ye)正常开(kai)工(gong)造(zao)成较大(da)影响(xiang)。
根(gen)据企业(ye)和行业(ye)所(suo)反映的问题(ti),石化(hua)联合会提出了(le)5条政策建议。
1、保障企(qi)业(ye)正常生产,开通(tong)物流专(zhuan)用通(tong)道(dao)。当前因防(fang)疫需(xu)要各地区(qu)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)限制各自为政(zheng),建议在(zai)疫区(qu)外交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)运(yun)(yun)输部制定明确的(de)标准,保(bao)障(zhang)非疫区(qu)跨地区(qu)物流交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)畅通(tong)(tong)(tong),打通(tong)(tong)(tong)恢复生产所必须的(de)供(gong)(gong)需(xu)关(guan)键(jian)环节。即(ji)将进入春耕用(yong)药高峰期,时(shi)间非常紧迫(po),为保(bao)障(zhang)农业(ye)生产,保(bao)障(zhang)粮食及农产品安全(quan),建议协(xie)调开辟(pi)农资、化(hua)工物流专(zhuan)用(yong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道,对运(yun)(yun)输工具发放通(tong)(tong)(tong)行证,保(bao)障(zhang)沿线运(yun)(yun)输通(tong)(tong)(tong)畅,确保(bao)原材料供(gong)(gong)应及下游产品运(yun)(yun)输通(tong)(tong)(tong)畅。
2、采取(qu)降息(xi)和贴息(xi)贷款(kuan),稳住(zhu)企(qi)业资金流。应通(tong)过有(you)针对性的(de)(de)税收减(jian)免、临时(shi)性短(duan)期银行贷款还款展期,为疫情(qing)冲(chong)击较大的(de)(de)困难(nan)企(qi)业提供周转资金。尤其是对于因疫情(qing)冲(chong)击而(er)陷入困境的(de)(de)民(min)营(ying)企(qi)业,要帮助其稳住资金链条、渡(du)过暂时(shi)的(de)(de)难(nan)关。
3、建立(li)出口(kou)绿色通道,适(shi)当(dang)提高出口(kou)退税。参考SARS 期间对外(wai)(wai)贸(mao)易的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang)(xiang)值,中国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出(chu)口的(de)(de)(de)大(da)多数产品会(hui)(hui)受到(dao)较大(da)影(ying)响(xiang)(xiang)。为尽(jin)量减少此次疫情对外(wai)(wai)贸(mao)的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang)(xiang),除了加(jia)强(qiang)(qiang)疫情透明公开和(he)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际社会(hui)(hui)间的(de)(de)(de)沟通交流外(wai)(wai),建议加(jia)强(qiang)(qiang)与世界(jie)(jie)卫(wei)生组(zu)(zu)织(zhi)、世界(jie)(jie)贸(mao)易组(zu)(zu)织(zhi)等国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际组(zu)(zu)织(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)联动,以其为指引和(he)背书(shu),优化非常时期的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口检验检疫工(gong)作,建立广泛(fan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际社会(hui)(hui)征信的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口绿色(se)通道(dao),支持中国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)商品更便捷地走出(chu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)门进入国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)际市场(chang)。在(zai)内需暂时乏力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)情况(kuang)下(xia),应加(jia)大(da)鼓励出(chu)口的(de)(de)(de)政策(ce)力(li)(li)度,提(ti)高出(chu)口退税(shui)。
4、加强(qiang)返工(gong)人员筛(shai)查,保障(zhang)疫情防护用品。根据目前(qian)的(de)政策,未来一周内将(jiang)迎来返(fan)工(gong)潮。随(sui)着外地(di)员(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)返(fan)程(cheng)高峰(feng)的(de)到来,希望交通领域加强筛查工(gong)作,以免(mian)造成人员(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)密集的(de)生(sheng)产型企业员(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的(de)感(gan)染危险, 另外为(wei)生(sheng)产企业提(ti)供防护(hu)用(yong)品(pin)购买通道(dao),保证员(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)卫(wei)生(sheng)安全(quan)。
5、给与相关(guan)优惠政策。此次疫情(qing)造成物流(liu)运(yun)输(shu)几乎中断、员工流(liu)失率较高,企业(ye)生产(chan)经(jing)营(ying)较困难(nan),建议非常时期给予企业(ye)相(xiang)关税收、电(dian)价(jia)等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)优(you)惠政策。